public
class
LinkedHashMap
extends HashMap<K, V>
implements
Map<K, V>
| java.lang.Object | |||
| ↳ | java.util.AbstractMap<K, V> | ||
| ↳ | java.util.HashMap<K, V> | ||
| ↳ | java.util.LinkedHashMap<K, V> | ||
Hash table and linked list implementation of the Map interface, with predictable iteration order. This implementation differs from HashMap in that it maintains a doubly-linked list running through all of its entries. This linked list defines the iteration ordering, which is normally the order in which keys were inserted into the map (insertion-order). Note that insertion order is not affected if a key is re-inserted into the map. (A key k is reinserted into a map m if m.put(k, v) is invoked when m.containsKey(k) would return true immediately prior to the invocation.)
This implementation spares its clients from the unspecified, generally
chaotic ordering provided by HashMap (and Hashtable),
without incurring the increased cost associated with TreeMap. It
can be used to produce a copy of a map that has the same order as the
original, regardless of the original map's implementation:
Developers
void foo(Map m) {
Map copy = new LinkedHashMap(m);
...
}
This technique is particularly useful if a module takes a map on input,
copies it, and later returns results whose order is determined by that of
the copy. (Clients generally appreciate having things returned in the same
order they were presented.)
A special constructor is
provided to create a linked hash map whose order of iteration is the order
in which its entries were last accessed, from least-recently accessed to
most-recently (access-order). This kind of map is well-suited to
building LRU caches. Invoking the put, putIfAbsent,
get, getOrDefault, compute, computeIfAbsent,
computeIfPresent, or merge methods results
in an access to the corresponding entry (assuming it exists after the
invocation completes). The replace methods only result in an access
of the entry if the value is replaced. The putAll method generates one
entry access for each mapping in the specified map, in the order that
key-value mappings are provided by the specified map's entry set iterator.
No other methods generate entry accesses. In particular, operations
on collection-views do not affect the order of iteration of the
backing map. *
The removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry) method may be overridden to
impose a policy for removing stale mappings automatically when new mappings
are added to the map.
This class provides all of the optional Map operations, and permits null elements. Like HashMap, it provides constant-time performance for the basic operations (add, contains and remove), assuming the hash function disperses elements properly among the buckets. Performance is likely to be just slightly below that of HashMap, due to the added expense of maintaining the linked list, with one exception: Iteration over the collection-views of a LinkedHashMap requires time proportional to the size of the map, regardless of its capacity. Iteration over a HashMap is likely to be more expensive, requiring time proportional to its capacity.
A linked hash map has two parameters that affect its performance: initial capacity and load factor. They are defined precisely as for HashMap. Note, however, that the penalty for choosing an excessively high value for initial capacity is less severe for this class than for HashMap, as iteration times for this class are unaffected by capacity.
Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
If multiple threads access a linked hash map concurrently, and at least
one of the threads modifies the map structurally, it must be
synchronized externally. This is typically accomplished by
synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map.
If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the
Collections.synchronizedMap
method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
unsynchronized access to the map:
Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap(...));A structural modification is any operation that adds or deletes one or more mappings or, in the case of access-ordered linked hash maps, affects iteration order. In insertion-ordered linked hash maps, merely changing the value associated with a key that is already contained in the map is not a structural modification. In access-ordered linked hash maps, merely querying the map with get is a structural modification.)
The iterators returned by the iterator method of the collections
returned by all of this class's collection view methods are
fail-fast: if the map is structurally modified at any time after
the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own
remove method, the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent
modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking
arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs.
The spliterators returned by the spliterator method of the collections
returned by all of this class's collection view methods are
late-binding,
fail-fast, and additionally report ORDERED.
This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
Public constructors | |
|---|---|
LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor)
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with the specified initial capacity and load factor. |
|
LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with the specified initial capacity and a default load factor (0.75). |
|
LinkedHashMap()
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75). |
|
LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
Constructs an insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with the same mappings as the specified map. |
|
LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder)
Constructs an empty LinkedHashMap instance with the specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode. |
|
Public methods | |
|---|---|
void
|
clear()
Removes all of the mappings from this map. |
boolean
|
containsValue(Object value)
Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value. |
void
|
forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action)
Performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries have been processed or the action throws an exception. |
V
|
get(Object key)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
or |
void
|
replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function)
Replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the function throws an exception. |
Protected methods | |
|---|---|
boolean
|
removeEldestEntry(Entry<K, V> eldest)
|
Inherited methods | |
|---|---|
 From
class
java.util.HashMap
| |
From
class
java.util.AbstractMap
| |
From
class
java.lang.Object
| |
From
interface
java.util.Map
| |
LinkedHashMap (int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor)
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with the specified initial capacity and load factor.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
initialCapacity |
int:
the initial capacity |
loadFactor |
float:
the load factor |
| Throws | |
|---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if the initial capacity is negative or the load factor is nonpositive |
LinkedHashMap (int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with the specified initial capacity and a default load factor (0.75).
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
initialCapacity |
int:
the initial capacity |
| Throws | |
|---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if the initial capacity is negative |
LinkedHashMap ()
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
LinkedHashMap (Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
Constructs an insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with the same mappings as the specified map. The LinkedHashMap instance is created with a default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to hold the mappings in the specified map.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
m |
Map:
the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map |
| Throws | |
|---|---|
NullPointerException |
if the specified map is null |
LinkedHashMap (int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor,
boolean accessOrder)
Constructs an empty LinkedHashMap instance with the specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
initialCapacity |
int:
the initial capacity |
loadFactor |
float:
the load factor |
accessOrder |
boolean:
the ordering mode - true for
access-order, false for insertion-order |
| Throws | |
|---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if the initial capacity is negative or the load factor is nonpositive |
void clear ()
Removes all of the mappings from this map. The map will be empty after this call returns.
boolean containsValue (Object value)
Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
value |
Object:
value whose presence in this map is to be tested |
| Returns | |
|---|---|
boolean |
true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value |
void forEach (BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action)
Performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries have been processed or the action throws an exception. Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class, actions are performed in the order of entry set iteration (if an iteration order is specified.) Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
action |
BiConsumer:
The action to be performed for each entry |
V get (Object key)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
or null if this map contains no mapping for the key.
More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
k to a value v such that (key==null ? k==null :
key.equals(k)), then this method returns v; otherwise
it returns null. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
A return value of null does not necessarily
indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
possible that the map explicitly maps the key to null.
The containsKey operation may be used to
distinguish these two cases.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
key |
Object:
the key whose associated value is to be returned |
| Returns | |
|---|---|
V |
the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
null if this map contains no mapping for the key |
void replaceAll (BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function)
Replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the function throws an exception. Exceptions thrown by the function are relayed to the caller.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
function |
BiFunction:
the function to apply to each entry |
boolean removeEldestEntry (Entry<K, V> eldest)
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
eldest |
Entry
|
| Returns | |
|---|---|
boolean |
|